Which rights must be explained to a suspect before police questioning according to the Miranda decision?

• A. The right to a trial by jury.
• B. The right to consult with an attorney and the right against self-incrimination.
• C. The right to a speedy trial.
• D. The right to bear arms.

Answer: (B)

Miranda warnings exist to protect a suspect’s privilege against self-incrimination and the right to legal counsel before police questions. The essential rights that must be explained are that the suspect has the right to consult with an attorney and the right to have an attorney present during questioning, and that anything they say can be used against them in court. If they cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for them. These elements come from the Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination and the Sixth Amendment right to counsel. The other rights listed—trial by jury, a speedy trial, and bearing arms—are not part of the pre-questioning warnings.