What constitutional right did Gideon v. Wainwright establish for indigent defendants?

• A. The right to counsel in all criminal cases in state courts
• B. The right to a jury trial
• C. The right to a speedy trial
• D. The right to remain silent

Answer: (A)

Indigent defendants have a right to counsel in criminal prosecutions in state courts. Gideon v. Wainwright established that the Sixth Amendment’s guarantee of the right to assistance of counsel applies to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment, so if someone cannot afford an attorney, the state must appoint one. This extends to all criminal cases in state courts, not just the most serious ones, ensuring a fair chance to defend itself. The other listed rights—such as the right to a jury trial, the right to a speedy trial, or the right to remain silent—are important, but Gideon specifically centers on ensuring counsel for those who cannot afford it.