The concept of 'one person, one vote' is associated with which case?

• A. Brown v. Board of Education
• B. Baker v. Carr
• C. Shaw v. Reno
• D. Citizens United v. FEC

Answer: (B)

The main idea here is ensuring that each person's vote has roughly equal weight by making legislative districts contain about the same number of people. This principle came to be known as "one person, one vote." It was established in Baker v. Carr, where the Supreme Court ruled that redistricting disputes are justiciable and that state legislative districts must be apportioned so populations are essentially equal. This prevents the dilution of votes through wildly uneven district sizes and sets the constitutional requirement that districts align with the principle of equal protection under the law.

Brown v. Board of Education focuses on ending racial segregation in schools, not on how legislative districts are drawn. Shaw v. Reno deals with the shape of districts and the limits of using race in drawing them, addressing race-based gerrymandering rather than establishing the general rule about equal population. Citizens United v. FEC concerns campaign finance and how money is spent in elections, not how districts are apportioned. So Baker v. Carr is the case that first enshrined the one person, one vote concept in redistricting.