Engel v. Vitale's decision relied on which constitutional clause as the basis for prohibiting school-sponsored prayer?

• A. Free Speech Clause.
• B. Free Exercise Clause.
• C. Establishment Clause.
• D. Due Process Clause.

Answer: (C)

Engel v. Vitale is grounded in the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, which prohibits the government from establishing or endorsing religion. The Court held that public schools taking a lead in a state-approved prayer amounts to government endorsement of religion, which violates this clause, even if participation is voluntary or the prayer is non-denominational. This ruling isn’t about protecting speech or about individuals’ rights to practice religion, nor about due process; it focuses on the government’s role in promoting religion. Thus, the Establishment Clause is the correct basis.