Engel v. Vitale primarily addressed which constitutional principle?

• A. Free Exercise Clause.
• B. Establishment Clause.
• C. Right to Privacy.
• D. Equal Protection.

Answer: (B)

This question tests understanding of the Establishment Clause and government involvement with religion in public schools. Engel v. Vitale held that state-directed prayer in public schools violates the First Amendment because it amounts to government endorsement of religion. The ruling emphasizes that the government cannot sponsor religious activity in public institutions, even if the prayer is non-denominational and voluntary. It contrasts with Free Exercise, which protects individuals’ rights to practice religion, not government promotion of religion, and with Rights to Privacy or Equal Protection, which address different constitutional concerns. The decision reinforced a separation of church and state in education by striking down state-supported prayer.